Nedávno jsme ve škole obrdželi další číslo objednaného časopisu Bridge. Je to anglický časopis pro studenty a zrovna v tomto čísle jsou články související s maturitnímu tématy. Rozhodla jsem se, že sem nějaký ten článek přepíšu :) Začínám UNFORGETTABLE PERSONALITIES IN BRITISH HISTORY.
UNFORGETTABLE PERSONALITIES IN BRITISH HISTORY
The history of United Kingdom is rich and varied. The political union of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland has often bloody and turbulent but now the UK is one of the most peaceful and stable states in the world. Important and influential personalities shaped life on the British Isles and the "society" we live in today.
WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR (ruled 1066-1087): The appearance of William, Duke od Normandy (now northern France), with his army on the English shore in 1066 was a major turning point in English history. In that year, Harold, Earl of Wessex, was crowned King of England. William was furious because he thought that he had been promised the throne, and invaded England. Harold was defeated by William's forces in the Battle of Hastings. From that time the administration of England was governed by Norman aristocracy.
In 1086, William ordered a survey to be made of all things in his kingdom: this was to be the famous Domesday Book.
OLIVER CROMWELL(ruled 1649 - 1658): Cromwell's historical legacy to England was that he took power away from the monarchy and gave it to the people in the form of a stronger parliament.
Civil war had broken out between King Chalres I. and parliamentary forces in 1642. The king was eventually defeated and executed in 1649. In England, Cromwell became Lord Protector, having refused the crown. He died in 1658 and after the restoration of the monarchy his body was dug up a hanged. Nevertheless, the monarchy was never again so strong politically.
Oliver Cromwell also introduced a fashion of clothing that was plain, in contrast to the richness of the ruling classes.

Oliver Cromwell
ADMIRAL HORATIO LORD NELSON (*1758 - +1805): Nelson was a national hero. Over the period 1794 - 1805 , under his leadership, the Royal Navy prove its supermacy over the French. He was bold when fighting and was known to ignore the orders of his seniors. This defiance brought him victory against the Spanish off Cape Vincent in 1797. In the Battle of the Nile in 1798, he succesfully destroyed Napoleon's fleet and cut off the direct trade route to India. His most famous victory was at Cape Trafalgar in 1805 when he saved Britain from invasion by Napoleon.
QUEEN VICTORIA (ruled 1837 - 1901): Becoming Queen at the age of eighteen, Queen Victoria was the longest reigning English monarch. With Prince Albert she had nine children, many of whom married into European royalty.
Queen Victoria was strongly in favour of an imperial Britain. In 1887, she became Empress of India, and her empire extended to include Canada, Autralia, India, New Zealand and large patrs of Africa. At home, she withnessed huge economic expansion during th industrial revolution.

Queen Victoria
WINSTON CHURCHILL (*1874 - +1965): Winston Churchil will always be known as the man with the "V" for victory sign and a fat cigar who led the British and her allies to victory during WWII.
He became Prime Minister in May 1940 and refused to surrender to the Nazis. He worked tirelessly throughout the war, building strong relations with US President Roosevelt while maintaining a sometimes difficult alliance with the Soviet Union. Victoryy came in 1945 but ironically the people wanted a new start and voted him out of office. He continued to campaign in opposition and focused on the problems of the Cold War (he coined the term 'The Iron Curtain') while encouraging european and trans-Atlantic unity.
MARGARET THATCHER (*1925): Margaret Thatcher was Britain's first female Prime Minister and served three consecutive terms in office from 1979 to 1990. She was an advocate of provatisation of state owned industries (e.g. shipbuilding and coal mining). She reformed the trade unions, lowered taxes, and reduced inflation. On the negative side, unemployment rose rapidly and there were strikes and civil conflicts.
On the international scene, 1982, she led Britain to victory in the Falkland War (war over Falkland Islands between Argentina and the UK). Known as the Iron Lady by the Soviet she warmly welcomed the rise of the reformist Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.

MARGARET THATCHER
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